# Portfolio analysis ### Volatility risk contribution & ES risk contribution Plot the asset contribution by the corresponding risk. Please refer to the [Frontiers module](/help-and-reference/application-reference/invelab/modules/frontiers.md) for detailed calculation functions. ### Turnover Calculates the total weight (position) changes over each period and then cumulates it as the total turnover plot. ### Transaction cost A percentage of the turnover. By setting this value, the user can save a new portfolio return series to include the transaction cost. ### Default loss This is used for portfolios with an unbalanced dataset. It is possible that the invested assets are missing the next period return. In such a case, we ascribe a default loss to this asset. The user can set the default loss value here. --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://docs.nuvolos.com/help-and-reference/application-reference/invelab/modules/portfolio-analysis.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.